Pressure Homework Task

1. What event occurred in the 1970's and 1980's that represent the presence of racial tensions?
During the 1970s and 1980s the new generation of black British children were growing up in Britain. Their parents came over with Wind-rush years, their children are the generations that are actually British and were being brought up just as British children were. It shows racial tensions as they were having to grow up with their parents ideologies and the British ones they had been taught. Tensions were growing due to the white British society not fully accepting the black British society. Also the fact that they were now British also and should be treated exactly the same as any other British child growing up in Britain.

2. Why do you think 'Pressure' was made?
I think 'Pressure' was made as an indication to everyone in Britain that these racial tensions existed and that there is no point hiding away from them. Also I think to give many white British people the outlook of the black British community and how they exist in Britain and to give us an outlook in to the prejudices they face daily. 'Pressure' has a lot of sympathy for the black British community in it, trying to prove that they should be given more of a chance, I see this due to the fact they chose to talk about how hard it is for the next generation. Cementing the fact that these children are British and just because their family may come from the West-Indies from the Wind-rush years they are still born in Britain. It proves to me that this film was made to wake-up the arrogant white society in Britain who think they can be prejudice towards the black society as 'Pressure' tries to prove these children and teenagers are apart of our country and it is our issue to make sure they have the same rights as their white peers.


3. What examples of racism are represented in 'Pressure'?
Their are many examples of racism present in the film, Such as the fact Tony not being able to go in his friends let room due to the landlady, Miss. Hawkins just because he is black. Tony's cannot seem to get a job, yet he is vastly intelligent. As the interviewer in the beginning scene seems to be trying to get rid of Tony the whole interview, proving just like all of his other interviewers they were not interested due to his appearance. His white friends even divulge in to some light racism, saying how easy he has it because he came to England got an education and now doesn't have to work, they even state they Tony must not be looking for work. The white mechanic also calls black people "you people", also stating that white and black are not the same just because not all black men get called to do national service, like white men do. His brother Colin even suggests that a white education tries to suppress black kids. Tony and his friends get abandoned by there own parents for not having a 'white' attitude to life, as if the 'white' attitude is the only way and that is far superior. Finally the policeman says "The law is not concerned with you and your lot."

4. How does the theme of collective identity come across in 'Pressure'?
The theme of collective identity is shown through 'Pressure' as you do have the strong image of the black community sticking together, such as finding their own surroundings and social events. As they go to church together and their are even specific clubs just made for the black community. I do not think any of this is by choice per say, but instead is a result of being pushed of society by the white community. 'Pressure' does work well to show collective identity, as Tony and his white friends are represented to really get along and look out for one another. This theme comes along when his friend Shelia sticks up for him against her racist landlady Miss. Hawkins. Also when Tony is with his white friends he seems to be doing fun activities and you can tell a mixed race society is where he wants to belong. Whereas when he is with his black friends he gets in to trouble and they are being made to be perceived as loitering trouble makers. Thus meaning it creates a great platform for a wide range of collective identities, supporting the theory that we should be a mixed society to function better for the young black society within Britain.

5. How do you think 'Pressure' differs from mainstream representations of black Britons?
'Pressure' gives you a personal outlook in to the specific lives of the black community in Britain, it shows you how the older generations from the wind-rush years are heavily taking on British ideologies in attempts to be completely British. Also how the younger generations of the black Britain's are finding their own country to feel like a foreign land to them. It sympathises with the black British community heavily and demands the attention from the British society and explains that they are not all thieves and criminals. Also that if they are committed of these crimes there are serious reasons for this sometimes, that they are heavily misunderstood. I personally think 'Pressure' is a brilliant eye-opener to the white British people proving that we need to start treating the black British community as apart of Britain. It takes all of the typical mainstream representations and mainly prejudices they had against the black society and tells you in detail why any of these can happen. Painting a much less threatening picture and more of a misunderstood society, that need to be brought far more in to the British society.

Research homework: Britain 1948-1962

 Representation works through construction- How were black people represented in the film?

Black people were represented badly throughout the majority of the film, however Sapphires brother is a doctor which shows to many they are regarded highly, as he was able to obtain an impressive job especially in that era. Although it may be simply to deem the older generations as racist and unwelcoming to black people. As the old women that let out their rooms only to white people, stating it would offend their other clients. The father being heavily racist, showing that it was an issue they had and gave to their children, as his daughter became heavily racist under his influence. Black people are represented as highly different and outsiders, tension is created in the film when a black person is amongst white people. They are represented as an highly undesirable race to be within Britain as in many cases they were not allowed nice rooms to let even if they did have the money. In the clubs in which many black people would enjoy themselves at they were seen as rebels and slightly reckless, as if they were simply there to make trouble, as they were portrayed as dangerous, as the film mentions knife fights. On a whole a lot of the time throughout Sapphire by some of the actors the black community were represented as a drain on their resources and an inconvenience As the some of the British public portrayed within Sapphire seemed unwelcoming and ungrateful towards any sort of help from a black person, especially the sister.

Considering your research and film analysis- How does the film put across a sense of collective identity of Black British people?

From my research and film analysis it showed that Britain itself was moving along and in many ways picking herself back up and thriving. However the Black British in society seemed to be losing their spirits to ever growing prejudices against them. As during WW2 many people from the West-Indies were welcomed in Britain, to only find that now they have out stayed there welcome. That they were only wanted by many whilst the white British men were away. Showing that the film presents a collective identity of feeling unwanted and in a so-called motherland that is nothing like they thought. In the film Black British people do stick together in many ways and this shows just how out casted they were within society that they even needed their own clubs to enjoy themselves in.

Research Homework: Britain 1948-1962

Investigate what was happening in Britain between 1948-1962

There are many social and political factors that happen throughout this time period that sculpted the way for a new Britain that was ever changing it's identity.

Firstly on 1st Jan 1948 - British railways are nationalised to form British Rail.

5th July 1948- The beginning of the NHS (National Health Service). The first one to open was Park Hospital in Manchester, by the health secretary Aneruin Bevan.

In 1948 Britain also saw a massive influx of people immigrating to Britain, this is a continually expansion in the British population stretching all three decades and beyond, it was particularly people from the West-Indies.However Also in the 1950's their were mass immigrations of the Asian community towards Britain.

It is important to point out the closeness in years after the second world war, as Britain would of been in a state of dire repair and hardship for many of the general public.Although rationing lasted several years after WW2, specifics such as tea rationing lasted until 1952, sweet rationing til 1953 and finally meat and cheese rationing til 1954.

By the 1950's poverty figures had plummeted in many senses, as "absolute poverty" had almost disappeared from Britain. This is a state in which you can not afford to eat the right diet or buy clothes.

The Korean war began on 25th June 1950, this meant British soldiers being deployed again and such a sort time after WW2.

In 1960 Britain's population hit around the 53 million mark.

During the 1960's it was the first time in which almost all households had electricity.

Coronation Street first aired in 1960, this is important as it was a show that would depict elements of society and it's issues and portray them in to the most dramatic extents.

Live trans-Atlantic satellite television via the Telstar satellite was made possible in 1962.

In the 1960's tower blocks were used as a housing solution due to the shortage caused by WW2 and the increased population.

How was the social landscape changing?

The British society was changing the hierarchy after WW2 was changing, as always there was the upper classes in charge however there were many more in society that were perhaps middle class who had fallen in to the working class category. As poverty did strike, a lot of people lost husbands, jobs and houses meaning that their source of money was not coming in. Thus meaning a lot more people fell in to the lower ranks of the British class system.

Women were treated far differently after WW2 as many of them took on the roles the men did whilst they were away fighting. This meant more work for women in the future, that people now accepted that they could do a lot more jobs than before expected.

Their was in influx in immigration throughout these decades, meaning that Britain was in the early stages of becoming a vast multi-cultural society. The use of tower blocks as a solution for an increased population is evidence to a vastly growing Britain. But however showing that the working class were growing the most in Britain creating an initial imbalance in the class system. Meaning there would be a far bigger working class that would change the social views of the country to be more in favour of working class issues, such as housing and other costly issues.

How did the changing social landscape lead to a "racialisation" of British politics?

Due to the influx in the working class society, the issues revolving the working class were pushed to the forefront of the British governments agenda. Tackling the issues surrounding the working class would have to deal with the expanding population, mainly due to immigrants. The government found they needed to look in to these newcomers ideals and prospects within Britain, this is were housing and such comes under the agenda. The racialisation aspect meant the British government were trying to make an issue of race within British politics. Both leading parties Labour and Conservative felt they needed to try and appeal to immigrants coming to Britain. Meaning a racialisation was created in which they both fought against each other in trying to make better policies for them. Policies involving better housing, social welfare reform and new job opportunities. In the general election of 1959, the public were in favour of the Conservative party and there policies.

Task Two..

Black Britain on Prezi

What i think is meant by the term "Black Britain", Is a British soceity that is able to make it's own
achievements and brings to Britain a wide variety of insight in to other various countries. Enabling
other races to partake in pieces of Black heritage. Through mediums such as the film industry, radio, television, online and events.

Task Three..

Definitions:
-Identity:

The state of something remaining the same one or ones, as under varying aspects or conditions:  The identity of the fingerprints on the gun with those on file provided evidence that he was the killer.

The condition of being oneself or itself, and not another: He doubted his own identity.

A condition or a character as to who a person or what a thing is: a case of mistaken identity.

Quotes on identity:

"An individual has not started living until he can rise above the narrow confines of his individualistic concerns to the broader concerns of all humanity". - Martin Luther King.

"A racial community provides not only a sense of identity, that luxury of looking into anothers face and seeing yourself reflected back, but a sense of security and support".- Wentworth Miller.

"My father is black and my mother is white. Therefore, I could answer to either, which kind of makes me a racial Lone Ranger, caught between two communities". - Wentworth Miller.

"My father is black and my mother is white. Therefore, I could answer to either, which kind of makes me a racial Lone Ranger, caught between two communities". - Robert Casey

"To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment".- Ralph Waldo Emerson

All quotes from Brainy Quotes: http://www.brainyquote.com/

Collective Identity:

A collective identity refers to individuals' sense of belonging (the identity) to a group (the collective). From the perspective of the individual, the collective identity forms a part of his or her personal identity.

Collective identity is a phenomena where an individuals' perceived membership in a social groups impacts upon their own identity in some way.

Mediation:

-Intervention in a dispute in order to resolve it.

-Action in mediating between parties, as to effect an agreement or reconciliation.

-A method of resolving an industrial dispute whereby a third party consults with those involved and recommends a solution which is not, however, binding on the parties.

-Mediation is a facilitated negotiation designed to help parties in dispute come to a mutually acceptable settlement.

Media Text deconstructing "Mediation":
Contemporary media theorists often use elements of Marxist theory, such as mediation, to look at how new media affect social relations and lifestyles through their ability to communicate images, sounds, and other forms of information across the globe at incredible speeds.

Marxist Theory: Mediation in Marxist theory refers to the reconciliation of two opposing forces within a given society (i.e. the cultural and material realms, or the superstructure and base) by a mediating object.
Newspapers: Newspapers throughout history have been seen as a use of propaganda and by many still are. Some newspapers are also seen as witch hunters within their ability to manipulate their readers. Yet newspapers fundamentally are here to give us information on issues/current affairs/events.Newspapers are able to mediate this information to the public from sources that we would not be able to contact on our own. Examples i will be showing are headlines that are either containing stories on international or national affairs:

Representation:

-The action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or the state of being so represented.

-The description or portrayal of someone or something in a particular way or as being of a certain nature. 

Media Text Deconstructing "Representation"...

The chosen media text is the music industry in particular how they brand their musicians, how they give them a representation and sell them upon this. For instance in posters/album covers/adverts/photo shoots a country music star might be place outside with an acoustic guitar and have long flowing hair and a flowing dress. I am going to show an album cover and connote the representations the music industry are trying to make of this young female singer.

Imelda May has been given the representation of a young woman that looks like shes come straight from the 40's & 50's, as the diner setting and pre-war hair style indicates this. Also the photograph's colouring has been manipulated into having a pink/sepia glow which makes the photo look old and washed out connoting its been aged, thus making her look more authentic. She's being represented as hip due to her hoop earrings which connote a youth edge to the photograph. Her make up and wardrobe also indicate shes from those era's.

Hegemony:

-Leadership or dominance, esp. by one country or social group.

-Influence, or authority over another, especially by one political group over a society or by one nation over others.

- Dominance of one social group over another, such that the ruling group or hegemon acquires some degree of consent from the subordinate, as opposed to dominance purely by force.

Its relevance... Hegemony plays a big role within media as the industries leaders show clear signs of being hegemonic. With leaders such as Rupert Murdoch owning many media companies and monopolizing the industry. Companies such as Sony not only in the music industry dominate and buy out any successful smaller record labels, as they simply dislike competition. Hegemony is the reason the media industry is based on "who you know" and is why it is so hard to find a career within.

Relevant Quotes..

"If you're a careerist, thinking only to advance your media career, then I don't really want to work with you".-Michael Moore

"The industry is littered with self-styled purists who believe the business of media.. the requirement to make a profit.. somehow corrupts the craft". -Lachlan Murdoch

"There is so much media now with the Internet and people, and so easy and so cheap to start a newspaper or start a magazine, there’s just millions of voices and people want to be heard". -Rupert Murdoch

All quotes from Woopido, http://www.woopidoo.com/business_quotes/index.htm 

"Independent labels take nothing and make something out of it. Major labels buy that something, and try to make more out of it." Tom Silverman, Tommy Boy Records CEO

"In the music business bigger is not necessarily better. In fact, I believe smaller is actually better." Chuck Kaye, Dreamworks, SBK Publishing

Quotes from: http://theindustry.yuku.com/topic/2993/Music-Industry-Quotes

Colonialism and Post-Colonialism:

-Colonialism is the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. 

-The control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people.

-The system or policy by which a nation maintains or advocates such control or influence.

-The state or condition of being colonial.

-Post-colonialism (post-colonial theory, post-colonial theory) is a specifically post-modern intellectual discourse that consists of reactions to, and analysis of, the cultural legacy of colonialism.

-Subaltern (which means Post-Colonialism) is a term that commonly refers to the perspective of persons from regions and groups outside of the hegemonic power structure.

Imperial "Other":

-Of, like, or pertaining to an empire.

-Of, like, or pertaining to an emperor or empress.

-Characterizing the rule or authority of a sovereign state over its dependencies.

Youth Subculture:

-"A minority youth culture whose distinctiveness depended largely on the social class and ethnic background of its members; often characterized by its adoption of a particular music genre".

-"A youth subculture is a youth-based subculture with distinct styles, behaviors, and interests. Youth subcultures offer participants an identity outside of that ascribed by social institutions such as family, work, home and school".

-"The term, allied to subcultures, stresses 'age' and/or generational difference as a defining feature of the group".

Relevance to "Collective Identity"... The two are relevant to each other as the youth are always trying to create new identities for themselves. If these identities are similar to that of other teenagers they make up a collective identity for being similar people. Unfortunately in today's world collective identity has become just an easier platform to judge people on and "label" them just because of what collective identity they represent. For instance a teenager who wears black and likes heavy metal music falls under the names Goths or Emos.

Syncretism:

-The amalgamation or attempted amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought.

-The merging of different inflectional varieties of a word during the development of a language.

-Relating to a historical tendency for a language to reduce its use of inflections; "modern English is a syncretic language".

-The attempted reconciliation or union of different or opposing principles, practices, or parties, as in philosophy or religion.

-Grammar . the merging, as by historical change in a language, of two or more categories in a specified environment into one.

Post-Modernism:

-Postmodernism is a tendency in contemporary culture characterized by the rejection of objective truth and global cultural narrative.

-To refer to the end of the unified International style typical of Modernism.

-Departure from generalized style into individual expression through innovative use of new building technology and materials to differentiate the structure, space and experience from all previous styles.

-(Post-modern) Literary, artistic, cultural, and philosophical movement revolving around the post-industrial world in which we live, and the unique aspects of the trends of modern society.

Urban Music:

-Urban contemporary is a music radio format. The term was coined by the late New York DJ Frankie Crocker in the mid 1970s.

-Music that mostly originated from black people but is now listened to by a wide audience. It includes a number of genres within it. Hip-hop,R&B,Soul etc


Quotes on "Urban Music"...

"The music business is a cruel and shallow money trench, a
long plastic hallway where thieves and pimps run free, and good men die like dogs. There's also a negative side."
 Quote from : http://urbanlegends.about.com/od/dubiousquotes/a/hunter_thompson.htm
"Back in the day, if someone said that hip hop and rap was a fad, that was a joke to me because they just didn't know what they were talking about. In reality, there were so many people who didn't know what they were talking about it." -Jam Master Jay
"I got tired of the Ramones around the time I quit and I really got into rap. I thought it was the new punk rock. LL Cool J was my biggest idol." -Dee Dee Ramone
"I think that rap is narrative, when it's done right." - Ajay Naidu
Quotes from: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/rap_2.html 

Task Four..Parts 1-3..

The Windrush Years Part One..


-The first thing i learnt was that black people really have not been in Britain long, as to the present day it has only been 63 years.

-Also i learnt that the reason it is referred to as "The Windrush Years" is because the boat they came from the Caribbean to England was called the "Empire Windrush".

-The sheer amount of people only 500 came to England via the boat, compare that to the population of England it is a terribly small percentage.

- I learnt that the riots happened due to horrific matters such as the murder of black people.

- I found out that in Jamaica in particular being a colony of England they had Church of England schools, they had the same royal family and respected them.

-The British flag was the Jamaican flag as well too many, even seeing England as their "mother" country.

-That they willingly joined up to help England fight the war, jobs included being in the Army, Navy, Air force, Air Sea Rescue, Marines, The Rens, ATS, WAFF, Nursing Services.

What i got from it really was a sense of hypocrisy from England at the time, white British soldiers went to Jamaica and asked for help. During the war when Jamaican men and women volunteered and signed up to help in WW2 they were getting "common citizenship" and "common cause" from England. Yet after the war it has not yet been explained but it has seemed to have disappeared and been replaced by people not letting out rooms to people from the West Indies. Made the divide even clearer as if people in England didn't realise that they had people in the West Indies that were apart of their country and they lived identical lives to them. Quotes made me get even more information on the matter such as one person saying "Britain was everything", another claiming "People were happy that we were here", "We were welcome". "Existed together as a family", "Died together".  Yet after the war emotions had seemed to turn to polar opposites.

The Windrush Years Part Two..


- I found out that their were 250 soldiers from Trinidad of which 52 were killed at war.

-People who were at school together died together from Jamaica in the war.

-West Indians were popular was singers and musicians during the war, yet i found out that were never used as entertainers for the white British troops.

-The White British attitudes towards people from the West Indies changed abruptly after the war.

- That White British service men and women had turned their backs on them and wanted them to go home, many in some ways saw them as a burden and something to just put up with.

- After the war many returned to the Caribbean, some enlisted further in to the military service.

-1947 250 RAF men went home on leave to the Caribbean, after a few weeks they planned on returning to England.

-Ships were not going out to England "Empire Windrush" was in fact the only one. "Empire Windrush" was to take everyone back who was on leave, back to England.

-Ships owners wanted to fill up it up as it could fit up to 1,000 people on board, they charged people £28.10 (shillings) fayre to England on a one way trip. They advertised tickets in newspapers in Jamaica.

-Men found no work in the West Indies, sugar field main source of work but bad hurricanes meant no work. Whereas beforehand when hurricanes ruined the fields they could find work in America. New immigration laws meant that they could no longer do that. 30,000 est. men just sent back to Jamaica without any prospects after the war.

-"Empire Windrush" departed from Kingston, Jamaica on 24th May 1948.

What i got from this part was what i had expected that Britain had turned their backs on people from the West Indies as soon as the war ended. That they were grateful for their help during the war but that was it, whereas the men from Jamaica seemed oblivious to this as on the ship to England they were boisterous, full of "hope and excitement". That they found it a "nice trip" and their to be a "wonderful mood" on board. This made me realise that they did feel like they belonged to England just like any other English person. Yet in England the MP's called special meetings, warnings were out they claimed it "irresponsible" for them to be returning. At first it seemed like they some what cared as they said their would be no jobs for them, but really they only let them stay because they could not turn away one of their colonies. Which overall proves from this part that the men from the West Indies were made to feel apart of a society all their lives that never really wanted them only in a time of dire crisis.


The Windrush Years Part Three..



-They docked at Tillbury Harbour, Essex, June 21st 1948.

-Lord Kitchener, they're ambassador, he sang the song "London is The Place For Me".

-No one knew exactly what they were going to do.

-People thought the chimneys on houses, meant they were workhouses, they didn't realise they were for warmth.

-Nowhere to live and no jobs.

-Government housed them in an old air aid shelter under Clapham common in  London, as soon as you got work you had to leave, most people didn't stay long.

-They found work first in Brixton at the nearest labour exchange.

-None of them found it hard to find work due to war.

-Came out of Wolverhampton station.

-People would rub their skin seeing if they could rub the black off of their face, highly insulting.

-Conservative government needed to recruit people for the transport sector, they even recruited in the Caribbean, they searched for nurses their also.

-1950's nearly quarter of a million West Indians came to England.

-They read Shakespeare and the Brontes before arriving, they also expected parties in England.

I got from it the account of them coming to England from the British and how it was necessary to mention they were one of our colonies. I got the sense they were being warned and that they were having to be convinced it was the countries duty to take them in. People wandering how they got on it assumed they had nothing really to do with them. Also how they all felt rather uncertain and tinged with excitement. I really got the sense of how both sides felt in this episode as one man describes how he was surprised to see white engine drivers, meaning both races were intrigued by each other and had never really seen each other. Made me realise how you can judge people you have never met or possible seen.

Task Four..Parts 4-6..

Task The Windrush Years Part Four..
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CyADD0ARLo&feature=related 

-They were the Colonial dream of what England was.


-England was thought of to be much more prosperous and better looking than it was.


-People did not get along even in the pubs, due to different manners.


-Personal habits got it the way of the two races integrating, such as washing.


-Many felt a growing sense of isolation.


-Many felt like they were an intruder, an outsider.


-Many felt lost, could go days without seeing another black person and were friendless.


-Network of people grew via places such as the church, domino's and the pub.


I got from this just how disappointed England was to the them and how their opinion changed quickly to Britain. As it states the indifference and antagonism of the people, is what i got most from this clip. As people were ignorant towards the West Indies, it was the beginning of the segregation in what they thought was their "Motherland". I got things such as personal opinions, as people thought the West Indians had "unpleasant habits". This shows the differences in personality and mannerisms and they let these separate them more. As coldness turned to hostility, they weren't people they were "darkies". I got the idea that they all just stereotyped and became very ignorant. No one bothered to get to know them, this is a massive part of what i got from this clip. They blamed pointless things such as washing as getting in the way to talking to the West Indians, it was just mindless hearsay and nit picking at people they just did not want to get to know.


The Windrush Years Part Five..
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jayl87RAv98&feature=related 


-London's Bassins Street, where the West Indians meet up, favourite musicians meet up and played calypso, they had their own celebrities, most where young and male.


-Then became the mixing of races, the two races would go out together and court each other. Primarily white women would date black men. It was only a few women, but they were pioneers.


-Mid 1950's hit highest peak, 20,000 a year made the trip across the Atlantic.


-They found employment easily but housing was the hardest part, they were not allowed to go in BnB's.


-First thing on British television on race was a documentary following around Ben Bousquet and his journey on trying to get a room. It wasn't due to money they couldn't get rooms it was due to their colour.


-New arrivals forced in to overcrowded and unsafe rooms.


-Many were charged a lot for rooms, too much.


-Ratmen and his middle men were terrorises, they were the only people to let you live their and they exploited them. Made sure people didn't talk to people who didn't pay their rent.


-Many kept their heads down and were fearful, that if you created a scene then you could be kicked out.


-People had prosecuted as to were they got money to buy their own houses, raising money for housing buy prostitution was one thought.


What i got from this clip was that the youth had a better understanding and acceptance than their elders. The two races mixed and the youth found it fine, i found the behaviour of the family to be that of outrage. In which they would became ashamed, I got from this that the age gap meant a lot in this matter. I got that it was far better for the West Indians to be around the youth and that this would happen through the new waves of music. I got the point that they wanted segregation, they rejected West Indians due to ideas of them, ideas that were not true. Mainly i got that no one bothered to give them a chance and realise we are all human beings.


The Windrush Years Part Six..
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYNfi4YyEp0&feature=related


- People from the Caribbean brought certain things with them, a system where a circle of  friends would put a certain amount of money in each week, made up of a lump sum from the money they all put in. This is how they paid for houses.


-Speculation began prostitutes selling dope was supposedly the reasons behind them having houses, by white people.


-Resentment against West Indians rose and violence rose also.


-People would fight, if a white woman went with a black man she was taunted and also beaten up.


-An age of cruelty to black people.


-They did the dirty jobs that nobody wanted.


-1958 summer in Nottingham West Indians fought back after all their abuse, a West Indian named Roy fought back and it was classed as defiance. After two weeks of running battles, it settled down, then days later in London's Notting Hill. It was a white riot one that would shatter relation between black and white for a generation.


-The West Indians brought a vibrant edge to England.


-Notting Hill riots lasted six weeks started by a domestic argument, a black husband and white wife had a fight white people did not like this tried to help her out but she turned on them and started to fight them. They blamed black people for setting their own people against them. Next night was white anger, walked to where the black people were in a club the black and whites and even policemen (trying to break them up)began to fight each other. Blood was everywhere, this was just the opening scene.


I got from this clip the idea that the "immigrants disillusionment" were coming to an end of what their "Motherland" would actually be like. I got that the speculation grew to what was really just useless facts, people believed as excuses in my mind just so that they could get at the black people. To make them feel better that they were not earning another, it comes down to jealously with the housing situation. Jealously that stemmed from themselves, the black people should not be blamed for trying to help each other out and better their lives. I mainly got that they had a very strong black community which is a good thing that they could support one another especially as the white people were being ignorant and severely unnecessarily violent.